Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin
Iron-binding glycoprotein inhibits pathogen proliferation by chelating free iron (bacteria require iron to grow), directly binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to disrupt cell membranes, and modulates immune cell function (macrophages, T cells).
Clinical EvidenceClinical Evidence
One of the most abundant immune proteins in colostrum. Multiple RCTs show it significantly reduces the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
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Probiotics (Multi-strain)
Probiotics (Multi-Strain)
Multiple strains synergistically colonize the gut, competitively inhibit pathogens, and produce short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, acetate) to regulate gut immunity and barrier function.
Prebiotic Fiber
Prebiotic Fiber (FOS/GOS)
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) selectively nourish beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli), stimulate short-chain fatty acid production, and improve gut microbiota.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)
Contains acetic acid and pectin to regulate gastric acid secretion, promote digestion, delay gastric emptying for stable blood sugar levels, and support gut microbiota as a prebiotic.
AKK bacteria
Akkermansia muciniphila
AKK surface protein Amuc-1100 upregulates intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) via the TLR2 receptor, repairing leaky gut and improving metabolic health.
Tributyrin
Tributyrin
Butyrate precursor that directly nourishes colon epithelial cells, promotes tight junction protein synthesis, and delivers dual intervention with Akkermansia muciniphila: barrier repair + cellular nutrition.
L-Glutamine
L-Glutamine
Primary energy source for enterocytes; promotes intestinal mucosal repair and supports tight junction protein synthesis.
Compound Digestive Enzymes
Digestive Enzyme Complex
Broad-spectrum enzyme coverage for the digestion of all three macronutrients: proteases break down proteins, lipases break down fats, and amylases break down carbohydrates.
psyllium husk
Psyllium Husk
Soluble dietary fiber absorbs water, swells to form a gel-like substance, promotes bowel motility, and serves as a fermentation substrate for beneficial bacteria to produce short-chain fatty acids.
Zinc Carnosine
Zinc Carnosine (Polaprezinc)
Zinc and L-carnosine complex that specifically adheres to damaged gastric mucosa, promotes mucosal repair, and inhibits Helicobacter pylori activity.
Aloe Juice Extract
Aloe Vera Juice Extract
Contains polysaccharides (acetylated mannan) with anti-inflammatory and mucosal repair properties to soothe gastrointestinal irritation and promote proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells.
Berberine (Intestinal Antibacterial)
Berberine (Antimicrobial)
Natural plant alkaloids with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Inhibits the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus) without disrupting beneficial microbiota.
Oregano Oil
Oregano Oil
Contains carvacrol and thymol to disrupt pathogenic cell membranes, offering antibacterial, antifungal (against Candida albicans), and antiparasitic (against amoeba and Giardia) effects while preserving beneficial flora.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Potent water-soluble antioxidant that supports neutrophil and macrophage function, promotes antibody production, and aids collagen synthesis and iron absorption.
Zinc
Zinc
Participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, supports T cell development and NK cell activity, maintains intestinal barrier integrity, and exhibits direct antiviral activity.
Collagen
Collagen Peptides
Type I/III collagen peptides provide structural support for skin, blood vessels, and connective tissue. They stimulate fibroblasts to produce collagen, improving skin elasticity and hydration.
High Bioavailability Curcumin
Curcumin (High Bioavailability)
Inhibits NF-κB and COX-2 pathways for potent anti-inflammatory effects. Phospholipid complex/nanomicelle technology increases bioavailability by 2000%.
Ergothioneine
L-Ergothioneine
The only antioxidant with a dedicated transporter (OCTN1), it specifically accumulates in mitochondria to protect mtDNA from oxidative damage.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)
EPA/DHA converts into resolvins and protectins, actively promoting the resolution of inflammation rather than simply suppressing it.
Liposomal Glutathione
Liposomal Glutathione
The body's "master antioxidant," involved in detoxification (Phase II conjugation), immune modulation (T-cell function), and protection of protein sulfhydryl groups. Liposomal technology enhances bioavailability.
NAC (N-acetylcysteine)
N-Acetyl Cysteine
Glutathione precursor that supplies cysteine (the rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis) and exhibits mucolytic and heavy metal chelating activity.
Elderberry Extract
Elderberry Extract (Sambucus nigra)
Rich in anthocyanins and polyphenols, it inhibits viral hemagglutinin activity to block viral entry into host cells while stimulating cytokine production to enhance immune response.
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
Modulates Treg cell differentiation, inhibits excessive Th17 activation, and maintains the balance between immune tolerance and defense. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is widely expressed in immune cells.
Quercetin
Quercetin
Natural flavonoids that inhibit mast cell degranulation (reducing histamine release), regulate Th1/Th2 balance, and act as zinc ionophores to promote cellular zinc uptake.
Echinacea
Echinacea
Activates macrophages and NK cells to boost innate immunity, shortens the duration of upper respiratory tract infections. A traditional European herbal supplement for immune support.
Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin
Iron-binding glycoprotein inhibits pathogen proliferation by chelating free iron (bacteria require iron to grow), directly binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to disrupt cell membranes, and modulates immune cell function (macrophages, T cells).
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin
Natural carotenoids offer antioxidant power 550 times that of vitamin E and 40 times that of β-carotene. Their unique transmembrane structure protects both sides of the cell membrane, inhibits NF-κB and COX-2 inflammatory pathways, and shields skin from UV damage.
Biotin
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
Supports fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism, promotes keratin structural protein production, and improves hair, skin, and nail health.
Silybin
Silymarin (Milk Thistle)
Stabilizes hepatocyte membranes, regulates CYP450 enzyme activity (maintains Phase I detoxification efficiency), provides antioxidant protection to hepatocytes, and promotes hepatocyte regeneration.
Phase II substrates (glycine + taurine)
Glycine + Taurine
Facilitates Phase II conjugation reactions—including glucuronidation, sulfation, and glutathione conjugation—to convert highly reactive intermediates generated in Phase I into harmless, water-soluble substances.
Chlorella
Chlorella
Natural heavy metal chelator that promotes the elimination of lead, mercury, arsenic, and other heavy metals while providing chlorophyll and essential micronutrients.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)
Universal antioxidant with both water- and fat-soluble properties; regenerates vitamins C, E, and glutathione. Part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, linking glucose metabolism with detoxification pathways.
Dandelion Root Extract
Dandelion Root Extract
Promotes bile secretion and flow (cholagogic effect), supports hepatic fat metabolism, and contains inulin as a prebiotic for beneficial gut bacteria.
Calcium gluconate
Calcium D-Glucarate
Inhibits β-glucuronidase activity to prevent the re-hydrolysis and reabsorption of conjugated toxins in the gut (enterohepatic circulation), promoting their final elimination.
Activated Carbon
Activated Charcoal
Ultra-high specific surface area (500-1500 m²/g) physically adsorbs intestinal endotoxins, drug residues, and metabolic waste to prevent their absorption.
Sulforaphane
Sulforaphane
Activate the Nrf2 pathway (the master antioxidant switch in cells) to upregulate phase II detoxification enzymes (GST, NQO1, HO-1), enhancing the cell's intrinsic detoxification capacity.
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
Primary phospholipid component of the hepatocyte membrane (70% of total membrane phospholipids). Maintains membrane fluidity and integrity, supports bile secretion (emulsifies fats to facilitate excretion of lipophilic toxins), and provides choline for acetylcholine synthesis and methyl metabolism.
Licorice Extract
Licorice Root Extract (Glycyrrhizin)
Glycyrrhizin inhibits 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (prolonging cortisol half-life) to support adrenal function. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects while promoting glutathione synthesis.
Ceylon Cinnamon
Ceylon Cinnamon
Contains cinnamaldehyde and polyphenols to activate the AMPK pathway, improve insulin sensitivity, slow gastric emptying for stable postprandial blood sugar, and support healthy weight management.
NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
NAD+ direct precursor, converted to NAD+ via NMNAT enzymes. NAD+ participates in 500 enzymatic reactions; its decline with age is a core mechanism of aging.
PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone)
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)
One of the most potent activators of mitochondrial biogenesis, promoting new mitochondria formation by activating the CREB and PGC-1α pathways.
Panthenol CoQ10
Ubiquinol (Reduced CoQ10)
CoQ10 (Reduced Form), a key cofactor in the electron transport chain. Ubiquinol offers 3-8 times higher bioavailability than ubiquinone, suitable for individuals aged 40 and above.
Berberine
Berberine
Activate the AMPK pathway (cellular energy sensor) to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate lipid metabolism.
Acetyl-L-carnitine
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)
Transports long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidation to generate energy, while supplying acetyl groups for acetylcholine synthesis—supporting both energy production and cognitive function.
Monohydrate Creatine
Creatine Monohydrate
Stored as phosphocreatine in muscle and brain tissue, it rapidly regenerates ATP (ATP-PCr system) to provide immediate energy buffering for high-intensity exercise and cognitive tasks.
R-lipoic acid
R-Alpha Lipoic Acid
The natural R-isomer of lipoic acid serves as a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, directly participating in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol (Trans-)
Activates SIRT1 (longevity deacetylase) to mimic calorie restriction, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy while protecting cardiovascular health.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
A core cofactor in over 500 enzymatic reactions, it plays a critical role in energy metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC), DNA repair (PARP substrate), and epigenetic regulation (Sirtuin cofactor). Its decline with age is a central mechanism of aging.
GLP-1 agonist
GLP-1 Activators
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists delay gastric emptying, enhance insulin secretion, and suppress appetite, making them a central target for weight management and metabolic regulation. Natural GLP-1 activators (e.g., berberine, Ceylon cinnamon) indirectly activate GLP-1 signaling via the AMPK pathway.
Iron (Bisglycinate)
Iron (Ferrous Bisglycinate)
Iron is a core component of hemoglobin (oxygen transport) and cytochromes (ETC electron transport). Ferrous bisglycinate, an amino acid chelate, offers high bioavailability with significantly fewer gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, constipation) compared to ferrous sulfate.
Coenzyme Q10 (Generic)
Coenzyme Q0 (Ubiquinone)
Mobile electron carrier between mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I and III, involved in ATP synthesis. Also a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects mitochondrial membranes from oxidative damage. Ubiquinone is the oxidized form; it must be reduced to ubiquinol within the body to become active.
Ashwagandha KSM-66
Ashwagandha KSM-66
Adaptogenic herbs: Withanolides A and D mimic GABAergic inhibition, reduce HPA axis hyperactivation, and regulate cortisol rhythm.
Inositol (Myo/D-chiro 40:1)
Inositol (Myo/D-chiro 40:1)
MI promotes GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane, improving insulin sensitivity. DCI enhances glycogen synthesis and the conversion of androgens to estrogens. 40:1 mimics physiological plasma ratios in the human body.
5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)
5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan)
Direct serotonin precursor that crosses the blood-brain barrier to convert into serotonin (5-HT), regulating mood, sleep, and appetite.
Selenium (Selenomethionine)
Selenium (Selenomethionine)
Cofactor for iodothyronine deiodinases, involved in T4→T3 conversion (thyroid hormone activation), and an essential component of glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine (PS)
Key phospholipid component of cell membranes; buffers HPA axis overactivation (reduces post-exercise cortisol spikes); supports neuronal membrane fluidity and synaptic signal transmission.
L-Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine
Precursor amino acids for dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; supplementation under stress helps maintain neurotransmitter levels to support focus and stress adaptation.
DIM (Diindolylmethane)
DIM (Diindolylmethane)
Metabolite of indole-3-methanol found in cruciferous vegetables; promotes conversion of estrogen to beneficial metabolites (2-OHE1) and inhibits harmful metabolites (2α-OHE1).
Rhodiola Extract
Rhodiola Rosea Extract
Adaptogenic herbs, rosavin, and tyrosol regulate the HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system to enhance stress resilience, reduce fatigue, and improve focus.
Saffron Extract
Saffron Extract (Crocus sativus)
Contains crocin and safranal to regulate serotonin and dopamine reuptake, boosting mood and well-being; also lowers cortisol levels to improve PMS-related mood swings.
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Activates osteocalcin to direct calcium to bones and activates matrix Gla protein (MGP) to prevent vascular calcification. The "Calcium Navigator."
Hydrolyzed Collagen
Collagen Peptides (Hydrolyzed)
Hydrolyzed into small-molecule peptides (2000-5000 Da). After absorption, they selectively accumulate in cartilage tissue and stimulate chondrocytes to synthesize ECM (extracellular matrix).
HMB (beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate)
HMB (β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate)
Leucine metabolites reduce muscle protein breakdown (by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway) and promote muscle protein synthesis.
Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium is a key component of the bone mineral matrix (accounting for 60% of total bone magnesium) and plays a role in vitamin D activation, parathyroid hormone regulation, and osteoblast function.
Boron
Boron (Boron Citrate)
Extends the half-life of vitamin D and estrogen, enhances calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus utilization for bone health, and supports bone mineralization and joint wellness.
Glucosamine + Chondroitin
Glucosamine + Chondroitin
Glucosamine is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cartilage matrix, while chondroitin inhibits cartilage-degrading enzymes (MMPs). Together, they synergistically support joint cartilage repair.
MSM (Dimethyl Sulfone)
MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
Organic Sulfur Donor: Sulfur is a key structural element in collagen, chondroitin, and keratin. MSM provides bioavailable sulfur to support connective tissue synthesis.
Silicon (silicone)
Silica (Organic Silicon)
Silicon is an essential trace element required for collagen cross-linking and bone mineralization. It promotes osteoblast activity and supports the structural integrity of bones, skin, and connective tissues.
Keratin
Keratin
A primary structural protein in hair, skin, and nails, rich in cysteine with disulfide cross-links. Hydrolyzed keratin peptides are absorbed by the intestines to provide building blocks for hair follicles and nails, improving hair strength and reducing nail brittleness.
Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
Hyaluronic Acid
Natural Moisturizing Factors can bind up to 1000 times their weight in water. Oral hyaluronic acid is absorbed by the intestines and distributed to the skin and joints, increasing skin hydration and improving joint lubrication.
Vitamin D3 (Bone Health)
Vitamin D3 (Bone Health)
Promotes intestinal calcium absorption (upregulates calbindin expression), maintains serum calcium levels to support bone mineralization, and regulates the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Vitamin D deficiency reduces calcium absorption by 30-40%, a major risk factor for osteoporosis.
Extended-Release Melatonin
Melatonin (Extended-Release)
A circadian rhythm-regulating hormone secreted by the pineal gland. Sustained-release technology mimics the physiological secretion curve: an immediate-release layer aids sleep onset, while a sustained-release layer maintains sleep throughout the night.
L-Theanine
L-Theanine
Promotes alpha brain wave production to enhance focus while maintaining relaxation. Regulates GABA and dopamine levels without causing drowsiness.
SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine)
SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine)
The body's most critical methyl donor, participating in 100+ methylation reactions—including neurotransmitter synthesis, DNA methylation, phospholipid metabolism, and homocysteine metabolism.
Magnesium Glycinate
Magnesium Glycinate
Magnesium glycinate offers high bioavailability. Glycine lowers core body temperature to promote sleep, while magnesium ions regulate NMDA receptors to reduce nighttime awakenings.
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
A major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system; activates GABA-A receptors to produce sedative and anxiolytic effects by reducing excessive neuronal excitation.
Lion's Mane Extract
Lion's Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus)
Contains hericenones and erinacines from lion's mane mushroom, which stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis to promote neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity.
Bengal dayflower extract
Bacopa Monnieri Extract
Contains bacosides, enhances synaptic signal transmission (acetylcholinesterase inhibition), promotes dendritic branching, and improves memory consolidation.
Magnesium L-Threonate
Magnesium L-Threonate
The only proven magnesium form that effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, significantly boosting brain magnesium levels, enhancing synaptic density and plasticity, and improving learning and memory.
Alpha GPC (α-Glycerophosphocholine)
Alpha GPC (L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine)
Efficient choline donor that crosses the blood-brain barrier to become acetylcholine—a key neurotransmitter for learning and memory—enhancing cognitive function, focus, and neuroplasticity.
Valerian Root Extract
Valerian Root Extract
Contains valerenic acid and isovaleric acid to enhance GABA-A receptor activity, producing calming and anti-anxiety effects, reducing sleep onset time, and improving sleep quality.
Lutein
Lutein
Carotenoids selectively accumulate in the macula of the retina and the visual cortex of the brain (accounting for 80% of total brain carotenoids). They filter blue light to protect neurons, enhance neural signal transmission efficiency, and improve visual processing speed and cognitive function.
Citicoline (CDP-Choline)
Citicoline (CDP-Choline)
Provides choline and cytidine (converted to uridine) to dual-support neuronal membrane phospholipid synthesis and acetylcholine production. Crosses the blood-brain barrier to simultaneously increase brain phosphatidylcholine levels, promoting synaptic repair and neuroplasticity.
Centella Asiatica Extract
Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Contains asiaticoside and madecassic acid to promote neurite outgrowth and dendritic branching, enhance BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) expression, and improve neuroplasticity.
Lemon Balm Extract
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Contains rosmarinic acid and citral to inhibit GABA transaminase, reducing GABA degradation and elevating brain GABA levels for calming and anti-anxiety effects. Also exhibits acetylcholinesterase inhibition to support cognitive function.
Passionflower Extract
Passion Flower (Passiflora incarnata)
Contains apigenin and isovitexin to enhance GABA-A receptor activity, reduce neuronal hyperexcitability, and deliver anti-anxiety and sleep-promoting effects.
Algal DHA
Algal Oil DHA
DHA is a primary structural fatty acid in brain gray matter and the retina (accounting for 30% of brain fatty acids). It forms the basis of neuronal membrane fluidity, supporting synaptic signal transmission and regulation of neuroinflammation.
Uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate
Synergizes with DHA and choline to promote synthesis of synaptic membrane phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine), increases dendritic spine density and synapse number, and serves as a key substrate for synaptogenesis.
N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA)
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)
Endogenous fatty acid amides activate PPAR-α receptors to inhibit neuroinflammation while modulating mast cell activity to reduce neurogenic inflammation. By indirectly enhancing anandamide signaling through the endocannabinoid system, they improve mood and pain perception.
Lithium orotate
Lithium Orotate
Micro-dose lithium enhances BDNF expression to promote neurogenesis, inhibits GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) to reduce neuronal apoptosis, and regulates the glutamate/NMDA receptor balance to protect neurons.
Phosphatidylcholine (Brain Health)
Phosphatidylcholine (Brain Health)
Major phospholipid component of brain cell membranes (40–50% of membrane phospholipids); supplies choline for acetylcholine synthesis, maintains neuronal membrane fluidity, and supports synaptic signal transmission efficiency.
L-Arginine
L-Arginine
L-arginine is a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthase. It regulates endothelial vasodilation via the NO/cGMP pathway, supporting blood flow perfusion and blood pressure homeostasis. It also participates in ammonia clearance within the urea cycle and serves as a building block for protein synthesis.
L-Citrulline
L-Citrulline
L-citrulline converts to L-arginine via the argininosuccinate pathway in the body, sustainably raising plasma arginine levels and supporting nitric oxide production. Unlike direct arginine supplementation, citrulline bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism, offering higher bioavailability.
Taurine
Taurine
Taurine is one of the most abundant free amino acids in the body, found at high concentrations in the heart muscle, retina, and brain. It supports bile acid conjugation (forming taurocholic acid), osmoregulation, calcium signaling, antioxidant defense, and mitochondrial function.
Beta-Alanine
Beta-Alanine
Beta-alanine is the rate-limiting precursor for carnosine synthesis. Carnosine acts as a pH buffer in skeletal muscle, neutralizing hydrogen ions produced during high-intensity exercise to delay muscle fatigue. Additionally, carnosine exhibits anti-AGEs (anti-glycation) activity.
L-Tryptophan
L-Tryptophan
L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is converted to 5-HTP by tryptophan hydroxylase, then to serotonin (5-HT) by decarboxylase. Serotonin is further converted into melatonin in the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms and emotional homeostasis.
L-Lysine
L-Lysine
L-Lysine is an essential amino acid involved in collagen cross-linking (working with proline to form hydroxylysine), calcium absorption, and immunoglobulin synthesis. In managing herpes simplex virus (HSV), lysine competitively inhibits arginine-dependent viral replication.
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine is one of the inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, a rate-limiting substrate for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, the most abundant amino acid in collagen (accounting for approximately 33%), and participates in purine and heme biosynthesis.
L-Leucine
L-Leucine
L-Leucine is one of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and a key activating signal molecule in the mTORC1 pathway, directly triggering muscle protein synthesis (MPS). It plays a critical role in anti-aging and preventing sarcopenia.
L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine
L-carnitine is an essential carrier for the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidation (via the carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase system). It also facilitates acetyl group transport, supporting acetylcholine synthesis in the brain, and serves as a key amino acid derivative in energy metabolism.
L-Phenylalanine
L-Phenylalanine
L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that is converted to L-tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase, which then synthesizes dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It serves as the upstream precursor to tyrosine and occupies the starting position in the catecholamine synthesis pathway.
N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG)
N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG)
NAG is a core monosaccharide in intestinal mucus glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), directly supplying the substrate for mucus synthesis by intestinal epithelial cells. It competitively inhibits lysozyme-mediated degradation of the intestinal mucus layer, protecting the gut from pathogenic invasion. Combined with glutamine and zinc carnosine, it forms a "triple-repair" gut solution: mucus layer repair + epithelial cell nutrition + mucosal barrier strengthening.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for Brain Health
N-Acetyl Cysteine (Brain Health)
After crossing the blood-brain barrier, NAC converts to cysteine, supporting brain glutathione (GSH) synthesis and protecting neurons from oxidative stress. It also regulates the glutamate/glutamine balance via the system xc- antiporter, reducing excitotoxicity and improving obsessive thoughts and addictive behaviors.
Broccoli Extract (Sulforaphane Precursor)
Broccoli Sprout Extract (Glucoraphanin)
Glucoraphanin converts to sulforaphane in the presence of myrosinase, activating the Nrf2 pathway (the master switch for cellular antioxidant defense) and upregulating phase II detoxification enzymes (GST, NQO1, HO-1). It also inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway and supports healthy estrogen metabolism by promoting the conversion of 16α-OHE1 to 2-OHE1.
Black Pepper Extract (Piperine)
Black Pepper Extract (Piperine / BioPerine)
Piperine is a bioavailability enhancer that slows the metabolic degradation of multiple nutrients by inhibiting CYP3A4 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in the liver and intestines, thereby improving bioavailability. It also activates the AMPK pathway to support energy metabolism and promote mitochondrial biogenesis.
Evening Primrose Oil
Evening Primrose Oil (EPO)
Rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an ω-6 precursor, GLA is converted by Δ6-desaturase into dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). DGLA then synthesizes anti-inflammatory prostaglandin PGE1 and leukotriene LTB1, balancing pro-inflammatory AA/PGE2 pathways. GLA also supports female hormonal balance by regulating prolactin via prostaglandins, helping to alleviate breast tenderness and mood swings associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Related Research NewsRelated Research
Evidence-Based Vitamin C Dosing for Immune Support: From Daily Maintenance to High-Dose Acute Phase Protocols
Vitamin C is the most classic immune-supporting nutrient, but dosage directly impacts effectiveness. For daily maintenance: 500mg//day; during acute infection: increase to 2-8g/day (divided oral doses or liposomal form) for full-cycle immune support from prevention to treatment.
L-Arginine and Nitric Oxide: Natural Support for Vascular Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Health
L-Arginine is a precursor amino acid for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. NO relaxes vascular smooth muscle, inhibits platelet aggregation, and reduces leukocyte adhesion by activating eNOS. Daily supplementation of 3-6g L-arginine significantly improves endothelial function and blood pressure.
Phytosterols Block Cholesterol Absorption: A Natural Strategy for Cardiovascular Health
Plant sterols have a structure similar to cholesterol and competitively inhibit cholesterol absorption in the intestines. Daily intake of 2g plant sterols can lower LDL-C by approximately 10%. They are the core ingredient in our cardiovascular support formula for the immune-inflammatory series.
Vitamin D3: A Multifunctional Hormone Spanning Calcium Metabolism to Immune Regulation
Vitamin D3 regulates 200+ gene expression via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), playing a central role in immune tolerance, anti-inflammation, and antiproliferation. Functional medicine recommends maintaining serum 25(OH)D levels between 50 and 8 ng/mL.
Same-series nutrientsSame Series
Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Potent water-soluble antioxidant that supports neutrophil and macrophage function, promotes antibody production, and aids collagen synthesis and iron absorption.
Zinc
Zinc
Participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, supports T cell development and NK cell activity, maintains intestinal barrier integrity, and exhibits direct antiviral activity.
Collagen
Collagen Peptides
Type I/III collagen peptides provide structural support for skin, blood vessels, and connective tissue. They stimulate fibroblasts to produce collagen, improving skin elasticity and hydration.
High Bioavailability Curcumin
Curcumin (High Bioavailability)
Inhibits NF-κB and COX-2 pathways for potent anti-inflammatory effects. Phospholipid complex/nanomicelle technology increases bioavailability by 2000%.
Ergothioneine
L-Ergothioneine
The only antioxidant with a dedicated transporter (OCTN1), it specifically accumulates in mitochondria to protect mtDNA from oxidative damage.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)
EPA/DHA converts into resolvins and protectins, actively promoting the resolution of inflammation rather than simply suppressing it.