Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the body's most essential coenzymes, participating in over 500 enzymatic reactions. NAD+ plays a central role in energy metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC), DNA repair (PARP substrate), epigenetic regulation (Sirtuin deacetylase cofactor), and immune modulation.
The key issue is that NAD+ levels decline significantly with age. Studies show that after middle age, human NAD+ levels drop by approximately 50% every 20 years. This decline impairs mitochondrial function, reduces DNA repair capacity, and lowers Sirtuin activity, making it a core driver of aging and age-related diseases.
NMN (β-nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are two primary precursors of NAD+. NMN is directly converted to NAD+ by the NMNAT enzyme, whereas NR must first be converted to NMN before entering the NAD+ synthesis pathway. Research led by Professor Shin-ichiro Imai at Washington University shows that NMN supplementation significantly improves insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity in aged mice.
In human clinical trials, both NMN and NR have demonstrated favorable safety profiles and bioavailability. Research from Keio University in Japan indicates that daily supplementation with 250 mg of NMN over 12 weeks significantly improves insulin sensitivity and muscle function in middle-aged and older adults. Clinical trials for NR have also confirmed its efficacy in raising blood NAD+ levels.
Dynas Group (Hong Kong) offers specialized NMN/NR formulations in its Energy & Mitochondrial Series, paired with resveratrol (to activate SIRT1) and TMG (trimethylglycine, to support NAD+ metabolic recycling). This comprehensive NAD+ boosting solution is available in customizable capsule, powder, and sublingual tablet forms.
